What does a suction accumulator prevent from occurring?

A suction accumulator is a critical component in a refrigeration system that is specifically designed to prevent flooding in the compressor. This flooding can occur when excess liquid refrigerant returns to the compressor after the hot gas termination process. When the system operates, it can lead to a situation where not all of the refrigerant evaporates, causing liquid to accumulate in the suction line.

The role of the suction accumulator is to collect any liquid refrigerant that might be present in the suction line, allowing only vapor to enter the compressor. This ensures that the compressor operates under proper conditions and helps prevent damage that could arise from liquid slugs. By allowing the system to balance itself effectively and preventing the compressor from being exposed to liquid refrigerant, the suction accumulator maintains reliable system performance, promotes efficiency, and enhances the lifespan of the compressor.

Other options mentioned do not pertain directly to the function of the suction accumulator. An undercharge of refrigerant typically relates to insufficient refrigerant levels in the system, which is not prevented by the accumulator. Adjusting evaporator fan speeds does not involve the accumulator's function, nor does the accumulator influence how tightly a TXV bulb is clamped. Thus, option C accurately reflects the primary purpose of the suction accumulator in refrigeration systems.